In the context of both the energy transition and the fight against climate change, the underground environment offers numerous opportunities for storage, whether in natural reservoirs (hydrocarbon deposits, deep aquifers) or in structures specifically built for storage (salt cavities, mine cavities). Today these structures are mainly used to store gas, hydrocarbons or waste . However, in the future, they could fulfil society’s strategic needs, especially for storing renewable energy (such as compressed air or hydrogen), heat or CO2. Managing potential risks is clearly a determining factor among the conditions for developing these industrial solutions in an acceptable way.